偈颂 9.329.19.29.39.49.59.69.79.89.99.109.119.129.139.149.159.169.179.189.199.209.219.229.239.249.259.269.279.289.299.309.319.329.339.34

For, taking refuge in Me, they also who, O Arjuna, may be of a sinful birth women, Vaisyas as well as Sudras attain the Supreme Goal.

For those who take refuge in me, son of Pritha, even those of lowly birth, women, vaishyas and shudras, they too reach the highest goal.

Krishna says that all who take refuge in him reach the highest goal, including those of lowly birth, women, vaiśyas and śūdras. Traditions read the list differently, some taking those of lowly birth as a separate group and others as describing the groups that follow. The verse reflects the social hierarchy of its time, in which these groups were often excluded from Vedic learning and ritual. Its point in the dialogue is inclusive: devotion opens the highest goal to everyone, whatever birth or status society has assigned.