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I am the father of this world, the mother, the dispenser of the fruits of actions and the grandfather; the (one) thing to be known, the purifier, the sacred monosyllable (Om), and also the Rik-, the Sama-and the Yajur-Vedas.

I am the father of this world, the mother, the sustainer and the grandsire; the one to be known, the purifier, the syllable Om, and the Rig, Sama and Yajur Vedas.

Krishna widens the vision to family and scripture. He is the father, mother, sustainer and grandsire of the world. He is what is to be known, the purifier, the syllable Om, and the Rig, Sama and Yajur Vedas. The intimate words father and mother stand beside cosmic and scriptural terms. The verse suggests that the closest human relationships and the most sacred texts all point to the same source. For Arjuna, surrounded by kinsmen and teachers, these family words carry special weight.