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(He saw) fathers-in-law and friends also in both the armies. The son of Kunti, Arjuna, seeing all those kinsmen thus standing arrayed, spoke this, sorrowfully filled with deep pity.

fathers-in-law and friends in both armies. Seeing all these kinsmen standing there, the son of Kunti, overcome by deep pity, spoke in sorrow.

The list ends with fathers-in-law and well-wishers, and Sanjaya notes that these relations stand in both armies alike. Arjuna, here called son of Kunti, is seized by deep compassion, kṛpā, and begins to speak in dejection. The word viṣīdan, sinking in despair, gives the chapter its traditional name, the yoga of Arjuna's despondency. It is significant that his response is described first as pity: whatever its limits, his collapse begins from concern for others, not from fear for himself.