Vers 4.28

द्रव्ययज्ञास्तपोयज्ञा योगयज्ञास्तथापरे ।

स्वाध्यायज्ञानयज्ञाश्च यतयः संशितव्रताः ॥

4.28

Transliteratie

dravyayajñāstapoyajñā yogayajñāstathāpare |

svādhyāyajñānayajñāśca yatayaḥ saṃśitavratāḥ ||

Door Sanskrit System · Machineconcept · @indic-transliteration/sanscript 1.3.3

Vertaling

Others again offer wealth, austerity and Yoga as sacrifice, while the ascetics of self-restraint and rigid vows offer study of scriptures and knowledge as sacrifice.

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Woord voor woord

offering material things
offering austerity
offering yoga
likewise
others

offering study and knowledge
and
ascetics
of strict vows

Door Sanskrit System · Machineconcept · claude-opus-5-5 · 2026-11-08

Uitleg

The list of sacrifices now becomes broad and inclusive. Some offer dravya, material wealth, through gifts and charity. Some offer tapas, austerity. Some offer yoga, disciplined practice. Others, called yatis, strivers bound by firm vows, offer svādhyāya, the study and recitation of sacred texts, and jñāna, knowledge. The verse shows that the Gita does not tie spiritual life to a single method. Giving, discipline, practice and learning can all be forms of yajña when undertaken as offerings rather than for selfish gain.