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Others again offer wealth, austerity and Yoga as sacrifice, while the ascetics of self-restraint and rigid vows offer study of scriptures and knowledge as sacrifice.

Some offer material things, some austerity, some yoga; and others, ascetics of strict vows, offer study of scripture and knowledge.

The list of sacrifices now becomes broad and inclusive. Some offer dravya, material wealth, through gifts and charity. Some offer tapas, austerity. Some offer yoga, disciplined practice. Others, called yatis, strivers bound by firm vows, offer svādhyāya, the study and recitation of sacred texts, and jñāna, knowledge. The verse shows that the Gita does not tie spiritual life to a single method. Giving, discipline, practice and learning can all be forms of yajña when undertaken as offerings rather than for selfish gain.