Verse 13.23
उपद्रष्टानुमन्ता च भर्ता भोक्ता महेश्वरः ।
परमात्मेति चाप्युक्तो देहेऽस्मिन्पुरुषः परः ॥
Transliteration
upadraṣṭānumantā ca bhartā bhoktā maheśvaraḥ |
paramātmeti cāpyukto dehe'sminpuruṣaḥ paraḥ ||
By Sanskrit System · Machine draft · @indic-transliteration/sanscript 1.3.3
Translation
The Supreme Soul in this body is also called the spectator, the permitter, the supporter, the enjoyer, the great Lord and the Supreme Self.
From the owner's sheet · +1 more
The supreme person in this body is also called the witness, the one who consents, the sustainer, the experiencer, the great lord and the supreme self.
By Sanskrit System · Machine draft · claude-opus-5-5 · 2026-11-08 · +1 more
Word by word
By Sanskrit System · Machine draft · claude-opus-5-5 · 2026-11-08
Explanation
Krishna names the highest presence in the body with a series of titles. It is the upadraṣṭṛ, the witness standing near; the anumantṛ, the one who permits or approves; the sustainer; the experiencer; the great lord; and the paramātman, supreme self. These names describe a presence that watches and upholds without being caught in what it watches. Traditions differ on how this supreme person relates to the individual self: some see them as one, others as distinct yet intimately joined. All agree that the body houses more than a limited ego.
By Sanskrit System · Machine draft · claude-opus-5-5 · 2026-11-08